Urban Pest, Hama Jaman Modern Di Perkotaan

Urban Pest, Hama Jaman Modern Di Perkotaan - Di pedesaan atau daerah pertanian sering kita temukan hama yang menyerang tanaman. Di daerah pemukiman perkotaan banyak pula di jumpai hama pengganggu yang sering di sebut Urban Pest. Kemajuan jaman tidak membuat urban pest berkurang atau hilang, bahkan bertambah terus baik dari jenis maupun jumlahnya.

Urban pest yang di maksud adalah hama yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan baik terhadap manusia dan lingkungan sekitar. Contoh urban pest Tikus, Nyamuk, Lalat, Kecoa, Semut, Rayap. Gangguan yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh hama tersebut adalah :

1. Tikus

Tikus adalah jenis hewan nokturnal yaitu hewan yang lebih banyak beraktifitas pada malam hari. banyak jenis tikus yang ada di dearah pemukiman kota, antara lain Tikus got (Rattus Norwegiccus), Tikus atap (Rattus rattus diardii), Tikus mencit/nying-nying (Rattus musmuscullus). Gangguan/kerugian yang ditimbulkan Tikus antar lain:
a. Merusak penyimpanan bahan makanan dan bahan lainnya.
b. Menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan mengotori lingkungan.
c. Dapat menularkan penyakit pes dari bakteri Yerinia pestis melalui gigitan
d. Air kencingnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit leptospirosis

2. Nyamuk

Nyamuk adalah serangga yang dapat menimbulkan atau menularkan beberapa penyakit, yaitu antara lain :
a. Penyakit deman berdarah, yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk jenis Aydes Aygepti
b. Penyakit malaria, yang di tularkan oleh nyamuk Anopelles
c. Penyakit kaki gajah, yang di di tularkan oleh nyamuk Cullex
d. selain itu dapat mengganggu kenyamanan menusia.

3. Lalat

Banyak jenis Lalat yang ada di pemukiman perkotaan antara lain : Lalat Hijau, Lalat Rumah, Lalat Daging, Lalat Buah dan masih banyak jenis lainya. Kerugian dan gangguan yang di timbulkan oleh lalat antara lain
a. Lalat adalah penyebar berbagai penyakit, seperti diare, 
b. Pembawa berbagai virus. Ribuan virus dapat menempel pada kakinya yang berbulu.
c. Makanan mudah busuk jika di hinggapi lalat
d. Dapat menggagalkan proses terjadinya buah pada tanaman buah
e. Mengurangi nilai estetika pada suatu ruangan.

4. Rayap.

Rayap adalah binatang sosial yang paling lengkap. Terdiri dari beberapa kasta seperti kasta ratu, kasta prajurit dan kasta pekerja. Jenis rayap antara lain rayap tanah dan rayap kayu. Kerugian dan gangguan yang ditimbulkan oleh rayap antara lain
a. Merusak bangunan terutama yang berbahan kayu
b. Merusak gudang penyimpanan arsip yang berbahan kertas.
c. Biaya perbaikan yang tinggi jika bangunan telah rusak oleh rayap.

5. Kecoa.

Kecoa banyak di jumpai pada area kitchen, gudang penyimpanan makanan dan saluran air. Kecoa ada beberapa jenis antara lain Kecoa Jerman, Kecoa Amerika dan Kecoa Orentalis. Gangguan dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat aktifitas kecoa yaitu :
a. Pembawa / penyebar penyakit : tifus, kolera, disentri
b. Menimbulkan kerugian dengan berkurangnya kepercayaan konsumen.
c. Mngurangi nilai estetika.
d. menimbulkan bau tak sedap


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